Day 5: Using Drugs at Work?

Today we our first day at RTI working with the forensic science department. We started the day with a brief presentation on “Mass Spectrometry”, which is using a machine to identify drugs by separating them out of a substance by analyzing the unknown drug compound using its known molecular mass. We then got a tour of the labs and were able to actually use a mass spectrometer to identify certain drugs. We were able to identify drugs such as cocaine and codeine.

Jonathan pipetting a solution containing an unknown drug onto a transfer sheet to place into the mass spectrometer:

Then, we were able to go and use a very powerful microscope that was able to zoom in on individual molecules so that we could analyze their crystal lattice structures.

Me using the microscope to examine grains of salt (NaCl):

The enlarged grains of salt on a computer screen:

Overall today was a pretty interesting day and I got to learn some neat things about chemistry that I didn’t even learn in my ADV Chemistry class this year! – Kiran W.

Day 4: It made a lasting “impression” on us

Today was a very interesting day because we got to learn about different patients’ backstories, and one backstory in particular amazed us. Referred to as Carolina Ear and Hearing Clinic’s most interesting patients (at least by us), this patient came in for her hearing aid upgrade to a newer model, and we learned a lot about her during her visit. She was born fairly deaf – so much so that the first time that she heard birds chirping was when she was 45 years old! Thus, when she was younger, learned how to speak fluent English without ever hearing her own voice! She also passed nursing school only by reading lips! Jonathan and I were amazed. This patient was a very cool person to have been able to meet. After this patient, it was time for our lunch break, and the staff surprised us with pizza to celebrate our last day at the clinic! It was really generous of them to do that, which made us even sadder to leave when the workday ended. Before we left however, we were able to play around with some of the impression substance that the audiologists put in people’s ears if they need to have a custom hearing aid built to fit their ear.

Nicolle, one of the audiologists, demonstrating how to fill y ear canal with the impression putty:

Jonathan attempting to fill my other ear with the putty:

My ear canal with the impression putty filling it:

Me filling Nicolle’s ear with impression putty:

At the end of the day we were really sad to leave the office as we had such an amazing week interning at Carolina Ear and Hearing Clinic. It was one of my most influential experiences up to date, and I am so grateful that we had this opportunity! – Kiran W.

Day 6: Contacts

I returned to the Southpoint location today and continued to shadow Dr. Besharat. There were a lot of patients who came in for contact lenses today. Through shadowing I got learn about the distinct differences between using glasses and contact lenses. Glasses are usually more effective than contacts for two reasons. The first is that a contact lens makes contact with the surface of the eye which can lead to dryness and irritation on the eye. Dryness and irritation ultimately lead to a compromise of a patients vision. If not managed correctly dryness can lead to clouded vision and ultimately the contact lenses cannot be used again and the patient will have to go back to glasses. The second reason for the change in disparity is because of astigmatism. Astigmatism is irregularity in he curverture of the surface of the eye. Instead of being one smooth curve, the eye has varying areas of sloping. These variances lead to light entering the eye in irregular way and vision to be compromised. Glasses can be custom made to a persons eye so a correction for astigmatism can be added. The shape of a contact lens is standard and there are limitations to the amount if astigmatism correction that can be added to the prescription. In general a contact lens and glasses have different prescription because the lens sits on the surface of the eye whereas glasses sit on the ridge of the nose so there is a gap between the correction and the eyes. The below photos are of the machinery used to read the glasses, evaluate and rectify the prescription, and also of a case with lenses in them that can be used to mimic the effect of a contact lens:

Day 5: Cary Towne Center

T0day I had the opportunity to work out of the Cary Towne Center location. I got to shadow Dr. Besharat again, but today I got more insight on the practice’s protocol for pediatrics. Many of the machines they use on a average age human being are either too complicated or just too big for a small kid to use. They have to use basic technology on children. This includes using a book to test for colorblindness and using pictures instead of letters to adjust the child’s prescription. Additionally, they use a slightly different solution for dilation so that it can absorb through the child’s eye lid and the child won’t feel anything on their eye. From an anatomical standpoint, the biggest difference between an adult eye and a children’s eye is that the child has an extra layer around their retina. This extra layer is almost like saran wrap in that it is clear and it is like a film that is wrapped around the retina. This usually peels off as the eye develops with age. I also got to watch diagnoses of angle close glaucoma, blepharitis, as well as stage 2 cataracts. Up to this point no patient has had any of these conditions. I also got to observe a patient that had degeneration of the cornea. In this condition, the cells of the cornea peel off due to extreme dryness of the eye. The usual treatment is to use lubricating drops as well as a bandage type contact lens temporarily to avoid pain. In the long term, a corneal specialist will need to be seen. The below pictures are of the sign on the outside of the Cary practice and of the less complex machinery Dr. Besharat uses in a pediatric setting to evaluate the inside of the eye and the overall health of the eye.

Day 4: The Prescription

I apologize for how late this post is, it is meant to be for Thursday May 26. Due to cross country travel and the busyness of a speech and debate tournament, I was slightly delayed posting.

This morning Ms. Allen payed us a visit at the Eye Center. We got to talk to her about the experience and finally gave her a tour of the center. After that I continued to shadow Dr. Besharat and I watched her conduct some tests she did conduct previously. She used a dye on the eyes of her patients to check for abrasions and other imperfections on the surface of the eye. Afterwards she conducted an exam on me and went through all of the standard procedures from checking the strength of my eye muscles to checking the health of my eye. Everything checked out! She also tested my prescription and I learned that I needed a new prescription which I was given. Finally, I was able to see Dr. Besharat check patients for potential tumors on their eyes. The below image is of the many bottles of dyes and solutions the doctor’s use on a daily basis. Some are lubricating drops, others are to control allergies, and others are for contact lenses. One of the bottles contains the dye in it.

Saying Goodbye (Last Day @AMM)

Today was my last day at Alliance Medical Ministry. Like yesterday, Dr. Lewis started seeing patients at 8:30 am. Today was a very busy day with some unexpected challenges .I can’t say anymore about the challenges because of doctor-patient confidentiality. However, I can mention that some of the things we discussed included glaucoma, celiac disease, anemia, hernias, and bariatric surgery. Dr. Lewis was extremely willing to answer my questions about these topics. At around 12 pm Dr. Lewis was still seeing patients back to back but she allowed me to go on my lunch break anyway. By the time I finished lunch Dr. Lewis had already finished up with her last patient of the day. So for the remainder of my time at Alliance I stayed with Dr. Lewis as she made phone calls and took notes on her patients. We even had a chance to chat a bit before I left the practice. Overall, I have had a fantastic time at AMM. Dr. Lewis was the perfect doctor to shadow as she truly cares about her patients and goes above and beyond to give them the best care possible. Both her patients and the nurses I’ve spoken to speak very highly of her. Not only has she been a great teacher, but she’s also encouraged me and given me advice. I’m confident that I will keep in touch with Dr. Lewis well after this work experience program. AMM pic 3

Pictured above are my parting gifts from Dr. Lewis ❤

-Biruk

Day 3: Check 1, 2, 3

Waking up today was glorious, because we had an extra two hours of sleep which begun the day strong. Nothing was scheduled until around 9 o’clock, so the doctors didn’t need us at the hospital until then.

When we arrived a doctor named Leah told us that we could try hearing tests on each other and experience what patients experience at the hospital. I had never gotten my hearing checked before so it was all very new to me. We entered a soundproof room and begun checking each others ears like we’d seen Dr. McElveen do several times. Once everything was set, we begun the testing. Kiran left the room and I put on a set of over-ear headphones. He began emitting a sound at 1,000 hz, and tested to see when the lowest db I could hear it at. After 10-20 minutes of various frequencies we switched and I began testing him. The machine to test was complicated and it took a while to get used to it. I managed to successfully test his hearing and we both recorded the results. Shockingly, his hearing was perfect and mine was only slightly under perfect, so you can image what the rest of the day was like for me. It was fairly unclear who had better hearing after our first test, but we both scored in the normal hearing range. The second test was simply saying words through the microphone and the patient had to repeat the words back to the doctor.

Day 3b

If a patient scored in the profound hearing range, then they are candidates for cochlear implants which will grant you the ability to hear again, but at a cost. The reason that only certain patients are candidates for cochlear implants is because surgically implanting them will ultimately wipe out the rest of your hearing. Any time you don’t have the assisting aid on your ear you’re practically deaf, but on the brighter side as long as you have the implant your hearing will sky rocket. How the implant works, is the surgeon cuts near the patient’s temporal bone and inserts a small mechanism right near the ear. Two long strands connected to the device are implanted in the cochlea and a small magnet is implanted behind the ear. A device on the outside also contains a magnet, and is positioned so that the magnets connect through the skin. This device then sends twenty-two electrodes into the cochlea, which contains thousands of damaged electrodes, and grants the patient a limited amount of sounds their ear can process.

Day 3a

After the hearing test it was around noon which is our lunch break, but everyone seemed to be out that day so Kiran and I ate alone in the lunch room.

After lunch Kiran and I split up again and I sat with Kate in her office and she explained so much to me about diseases and cochlear implants. She showed me diagrams and hearing aids and gave me papers. We had a great conversation, which ended up lasting around two hours: the fastest two hours of my life. By that time it was around 3 or 3:30, so I headed back to my room and continued my work and read some of the papers Kate gave me. By the time I was done Kiran had come out of the room with Nicolle and we headed back home.

All in all it was a day of learning and growth.

Day 2: The Surge of Surgery

Today picked up tempo quickly and suddenly. We began by meeting Dr. McElveen at Duke Hopsital, and had difficulty finding the entrance to the Same-Day Surgery building. We arrived 10 minutes early, so he hadn’t arrived yet and we were instructed to ask another nurse in the back about his whereabouts. Each nurse directed us further and further in the building and eventually we were in the middle of the building, surrounded by surgeries and doctors. Dr. McElveen laughed when he found us and led us through the labyrinth and towards the changing station. We put on scrubs and were thrown into a room where Dr. McElveen began surgery on a patient who suffered from damage towards the ear drum. I couldn’t quite tell whether or not it was cochlear implant surgery, but whatever it was was fascinating to me and Kiran. Ear surgery is far too cramped for me, it gives absolutely no room for error or else the patient could go deaf. All surgery is precise and requires steady hands, but there is nothing in accord with watching ear surgery. Dr. McElveen does the entire procedure under a microscope, which Kiran and I tried afterwards on a temporal bone. Carolina Ear & Hearing Clinic has one of the two temporal bone labs in the country, and Kiran and I were given the chance to mimic Dr. McElveen’s surgery procedure. We were given microscopes and tools to understand how difficult it is to do surgery under a microscope with such limited movement.

Afterwards Dr. McElveen had to go to South Carolina so Kiran and I were sent back to the hospital to resume our experience. We were assigned a paper on Stapedectomy’s and Otosclerosis, and we learned what the procedure is for dealing with it. Otosclerosis is the buildup of bone tissue in the outer ear around the stapes. This prevents the stapes from transmitting sound energy to the inner ear, causing the victim to suffer from either conductive or mixed hearing loss. Stapedetomy is the procedure done to continue the flow from the outer ear to the inner ear. The surgeon does an incision on the two arms of the stapes and cuts a whole in the stapedotomy which is a wall connected to the stapes. A piston-like object, called the prosthesis, is then connected to the incus is strung through the stapedotomy.

Dr. McElveen had to go to South Carolina for the rest of the week so Kiran and I split up and spent the rest of the day with separate doctors. I saw some interesting patients, some were impatient and curt white others were amiable. Nicolle, the doctor I was working with, knew all of the patients well because she’d spent so much time with them, and it was interesting seeing her interact with the ones she was fond of and the ones she wasn’t as fond of.

All in all I learned a lot about diseases in the ears and about how to deal with certain patients and how to be patient.

Day 1: What’s Up Doc?

Day 1 was an enriching experience with Dr. McElveen and his numerous patients. When Kiran and I arrived, we were nervous entering the enormous, winding office that the doctors worked in. We began with a staff meeting, where Dr. McElveen and his associates organized everyone’s schedule for the month. The staff worked well as a group, they were quite supportive and the staff meeting was a great way to observe everyone interact. During the meeting they celebrated the engagement of Kate, an associate, and commemorated John-Thomas Junior for the graduation of his children. Finally, the meeting was over and everyone split up into their own work spaces in the winding and confusing office.

Day 1.jpg

Next, Kate gave us a tour of the building and showed us where Kiran and I would set up our stuff for the week. We didn’t spend much time in there at all, though, we were often on our feet and participating in check-ups with patients. In fact, Kiran and I faced some adversity spending the entire day today on our feet, moving from room to room with Dr. McElveen and his patients and always standing in the corner, observing. It was fantastic listening to each patients story, every one of them had known Dr. McElveen personally, because he had worked with them for so many years.

We didn’t learn many logistical aspects of ear surgery or even the anatomy of the ear. We were taught that the ear consisted of three central bones, the malleus, the incus, and the stapes, but that was it for the most part. We watched Dr. McElveen remove a hearing aid from a patient under a microscope that was enhanced on a television screen in the corner, which was fascinating. Another patient was a young child who couldn’t work their hearing aid so that was interesting.

For the most part we focused on treating and handling patients today, and meeting the other doctors and learning about their individual specialties.

Day 3: Do You Hear What I Hear?

This morning was awesome because 1. Jonathan and I didn’t have to be at the office until 9:00 and 2. we got to learn how to operate the hearing test machines and conduct hearing tests on each other! First we examined each other’s ears with an otoscope to make sure that nothing was in the ear canal that would block sound from entering and reaching the ear drum, such as ear wax.

Me examining Jonathan’s ear canal with an otoscope:

Jonathan goofing around while I looked into his ear canal:

After we got the “all clear” from each other that our ear canals were clean, one of us headed to another room where the hearing test machine was located so that the “patient’s” room was completely silent and no sound would interfere with their hearing test. To conduct the hearing test, you start the sound at a certain frequency in only one ear, and change the amount of decibels each time. If the patient responds to a sound by pressing a button, you decrease the amount of decibels by 10. If the patient does not hear the sound, you increase the amount of decibels by 5 until the patient is consistently hearing a certain number of decibels at the one frequency. You chart this number and then change the frequency and start again until the chart is completed. After the chart is complete, you have the hearing test complete for the one ear, so you switch to the other ear and repeat.

Pausing during my hearing test for a quick selfie. In the picture the top left number is the decibel amount for the one ear (15 dB) and the middle number is the frequency (1000 Hz).:

After our hearing tests, our charts determined that Jonathan had normal hearing; however, he couldn’t hear the lower frequency sounds when the decibel amount was too low, while I had perfect hearing and was able to hear all of the frequencies even at 0 decibels (subtle brag… Jonathan was a little jealous of this).

Our completed hearing charts. Jonathan’s hearing chart is the one on the left while mine is on the right. Patients who come in with hearing loss will typically have points that are more towards the middle of the chart.:

IMG_0932 (2)

After our hearing tests, we had our lunch break followed by some routine hearing aid checkups. Many of the patients that the audiologist and I saw were participating in a study with a new type of hearing aid that sends a laser light down the ear canal that hits a light receptor on what was described as “a contact lens for the ear drum” which causes a motor to vibrate the ear drum and allows that patient to hear. This new technology is very advanced and groundbreaking.

Overall today was a very fun and informative day as we learned about a lot about the technology that audiologists use in the current day and age. I especially enjoyed being able to conduct the hearing test on Jonathan, and the audiologists told us that tomorrow we would be able to do more experiments on each other using different types of technology. I can’t wait! – Kiran W.

CA Work Experience Program 2016

DICE-ing in the Real World

Author: virukjonkirlind